Climate change, a reason to manage natural resources – former Dominican agriculture minister

Atherton Martin, a conservationist and former agriculture minister in Dominica, said climate change should be forcing Caribbean countries to take a hard look at how they are managing their natural resources, lest they eventually disappear.
“What the climate change principles tell us is that basically when your natural resource systems are debilitated, weakened or destroyed by climate change, your economy is thereby destroyed,” he told IPS.
But all is not bleak. Martin believes climate change could potentially benefit the Caribbean in two ways: Firstly, by forcing a change in mindset where countries take the lead instead of simply reacting; and secondly, by allowing governments to build stronger economies by accessing millions of dollars in climate change funding.
He pointed to Guyana’s push to become a low carbon economy, noting that it has already drawn down more than US70 million from carbon credits on just 10 per cent of its forest systems.
“They expect to draw down a total of over US250 million over the next year, and this is a deal made on carbon credits and sequestration valuation with just one country, Norway,” Martin said.
In July 2009, Guyana launched its Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS), aimed at promoting economic development, while at the same time combating climate change. At the launch, then President, Bharrat Jagdeo called for a platform on which developing countries like Guyana are not seen as mere recipients of aid, but as equal partners in the search for climate solutions.
Jagdeo has described Guyana’s forests as a global asset, home to at least 8000 plant and animal species that make it one of the most biodiverse areas in the world. The forests also act as a sink to absorb carbon dioxide, one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.

Guyana, a model
With the right low-deforestation economic incentives, Guyana would avoid emissions of 1.5 gigatonnes of CO2 a year. Earlier this year, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) approved an institutional strengthening project for Guyana’s LCDS. The approval means that nearly US$6 million will flow to Guyana for implementation, following an initial sum of US$1.06 million, released to the country from Norway for preparatory work.
Guyana’s REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) Investment Fund, dubbed GRIF, was established in October 2010 in order to fund projects of the LCDS. The project will strengthen the technical and administrative capacity of those institutions responsible for implementing the strategy, and develop an MRV (Monitoring, Reporting and Verification) system on a national level.
The partnership between Norway and Guyana is the second-biggest REDD+ partnership in the world, according to the Guyanese government. Martin pointed out that there are arrangements with the World Bank, the Organisation of American States (OAS), other financial institutions and the United Nations, that could allow Caribbean countries to earn financing as a result of their climate change resilience activities.
President and founder of the Dominica-based Waitkbuli Ecological Foundation, Bernard Wiltshire, an attorney, agrees that a new way of thinking is necessary.

“Right kind of tourism”
He told IPS that Caribbean countries now need to build “appropriate industries” and get involved in “the right kind of tourism”, for example. “Dominica could have a tourism industry that could far outstrip Antigua. Antigua has the sun, sand and sea and so on, but Dominica has the sea and in addition to that, it has a lot more than Antigua,” Wiltshire said. “Everybody is saying sun, sand and sea are what you need for tourism, and they are ignoring nature tourism, adventure tourism, heritage tourism and wellness tourism,” he said.
“These things are growing. Just slouching, drinking rum under a palm tree – that is going out of fashion. The tourism industry in the Caribbean is going downhill because we are competing with the larger countries. Tourists are going farther afield, they want more adventurous things,” Wilshire added. He pointed to Southeast Asia and the jungles of Burma as new hotspots, adding that “Dominica has its own Caribbean jungle right here” and could attract thousands of people who are looking for a jungle adventure.
Martin lamented that a region like the Caribbean, with so many extraordinary opportunities, has such financially strapped economies. “You have countries with national annual budgets of $US600 million. If you can draw down in a year or two years, half of that, or even more from converting the silent work of your natural systems into hard dollars from the international financial community, you are home free,” he told IPS. He said that the Caribbean could very rapidly turn itself around purely on the basis of taking that climate-resilient look at its natural systems, by understanding how vulnerable it is, and hence, how vital it is to re-organise the way in which it manages its natural resources.
“The expertise is available to you to do the calculations that would get the rest of the world to finally begin to reward you for conserving your forests, conserving your reefs, conserving your water systems and so on,” Martin said.